{"article_id":"2731","schema_version":2,"source_content_hash":"aaf1d911b41ba3f28d8ef15186cf641fd93a954069a8c39bf92b7003cac9949e","computed_at":"2026-07-12T11:40:46Z","payload":{"topic":{"subtopic":"пионера восстановительной хирургии и фаллопластики, его трагическая травма и мужество","canonical":"Жизнь и вклад советского хирурга Николая Алексеевича Богораза","confidence":0.95,"related_topics":["Николай Богораз","восстановительная хирургия","фаллопластика","советская медицина","биография"]},"entities":[{"role":"primary","type":"person","canonical_name":"Николай Алексеевич Богораз"},{"role":"secondary","type":"person","canonical_name":"Владимир Германович Богораз"},{"role":"secondary","type":"person","canonical_name":"Виктор Константинович Калнберз"},{"role":"secondary","type":"technology","canonical_name":"фаллопластика"},{"role":"secondary","type":"technology","canonical_name":"восстановительная хирургия"},{"role":"secondary","type":"place","canonical_name":"Ростов-на-Дону"},{"role":"secondary","type":"place","canonical_name":"Москва"},{"role":"secondary","type":"organization","canonical_name":"Петербургская военно-медицинская академия"},{"role":"secondary","type":"organization","canonical_name":"Народная воля"}],"passages":[{"kind":"answer","text":"Николай Богораз потерял ноги в 1920 году, когда, цепляясь за подножку трамвая, сорвался и угодил ногами под колёса. Он сохранял полное сознание и самостоятельно пережимал бедренные артерии до прибытия помощи."},{"kind":"definition","text":"Фаллопластика по Богоразу — это операция по восстановлению полового члена с использованием реберного хряща для создания каркаса, что позволяло восстановить функцию и форму органа."},{"kind":"comparison","text":"В отличие от простой операции по смене пола с мужского на женский, обратная процедура — создание мужского органа из женского — значительно сложнее. Калнберз в 1970-72 годах успешно выполнил такую операцию, развив методику Богораза."},{"kind":"answer","text":"Первым пациентом Богораза по фаллопластике был молодой полковник, у которого возникли осложнения (постоянная эрекция), что привело к трагедии. Впоследствии результаты операций улучшились."}],"faq_items":[{"answer":"Родился 13 февраля 1874 года в Таганроге.","question":"Когда и где родился Николай Богораз?","confidence":1},{"answer":"В 1920 году в Ростове-на-Дону упал с трамвая и попал ногами под колёса второго вагона.","question":"Как он потерял ноги?","confidence":1},{"answer":"Художественный фильм «И снова утро» (1960) режиссёра Геннадия Казанского с Владимиром Самойловым в главной роли.","question":"Какой фильм снят по мотивам его жизни?","confidence":1},{"answer":"Методику полного пластического восстановления мужского полового члена с использованием рёберного хряща.","question":"Какую операцию разработал Богораз?","confidence":1}],"seo_title":"Николай Богораз — пионер восстановительной хирургии и фаллопластики","ai_summary":"Статья рассказывает о Николае Богоразе, советском хирурге, который разработал методику фаллопластики, используя реберный хрящ. Он потерял ноги в трамвайной аварии, но продолжил оперировать и стал основоположником восстановительной хирургии в СССР.","meaning_text":"Центральная мысль статьи — мужество и воля человека, преодолевшего тяжелейшую инвалидность, позволили ему не только вернуться к профессии, но и совершить революцию в восстановительной хирургии, подарив надежду тысячам пациентов.","subject_text":"Статья описывает биографию Николая Богораза: его происхождение, революционное прошлое, травму, возвращение к хирургии и прорывные операции в области фаллопластики.","key_takeaways":["Богораз разработал первую успешную операцию по восстановлению полового члена.","В 1920 году потерял обе ноги под колёсами трамвая, но сохранил самообладание и продолжил работать.","Его трёхтомное руководство «Восстановительная хирургия» стало классикой.","Богораз был участником революционного движения, затем отошёл от политики.","Его жизнь вдохновила на создание фильма «И снова утро» (1960).","Методика Богораза стала основой для современных операций по смене пола."],"author_profile":{"bio":"Детский хирург и топографоанатом, канд. мед. наук, 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