{"article_id":"2630","schema_version":2,"source_content_hash":"bef47f24b6567621256448c0abe76e8ac4380309ba3265e1b9475f1d3ce7e92a","computed_at":"2026-07-10T05:14:35Z","payload":{"topic":{"subtopic":"Состав, свойства и классификация нефти","canonical":"Нефть и нефтепродукты","confidence":0.95,"related_topics":["углеводороды","сорта нефти","добыча нефти","переработка нефти"]},"entities":[{"role":"secondary","type":"other","canonical_name":"Brent"},{"role":"secondary","type":"other","canonical_name":"WTI"},{"role":"secondary","type":"other","canonical_name":"Urals"},{"role":"secondary","type":"other","canonical_name":"Siberian Light"},{"role":"secondary","type":"other","canonical_name":"Dubai Crude"},{"role":"secondary","type":"company","canonical_name":"РИТЭК"},{"role":"secondary","type":"organization","canonical_name":"ГрозНИИ"}],"passages":[{"kind":"definition","text":"Нефть — это природная маслянистая горючая жидкость со специфическим запахом, состоящая из углеводородов различной молекулярной массы. Относится к каустобиолитам (ископаемое топливо)."},{"kind":"answer","text":"Нефть — это многокомпонентная коллоидная система, состоящая из жидкой среды (углеводороды С5-С15) и равномерно распределенных твердых частиц (парафины, церезины, асфальтены)."},{"kind":"comparison","text":"По плотности нефти бывают легкими (менее 0,822 г/см3), утяжеленными (0,822-0,884 г/см3) и тяжелыми (свыше 0,884 г/см3). Чем легче нефть, тем больше в ней легких бензиновых фракций и меньше смол и серы."},{"kind":"answer","text":"В СССР была разработана технологическая классификация нефти по содержанию серы, парафина, выхода кипящих до 350°C фракций и индексу вязкости базовых масел. Сейчас используется ГОСТ Р 51858-2002."},{"kind":"answer","text":"Основные международные сорта нефти: Brent (Северное море), WTI (США) и Dubai Crude (Ближний Восток). В России — Urals (смесь) и Siberian Light (легкая малосернистая)."}],"faq_items":[{"answer":"Нефть — это природная маслянистая горючая жидкость, состоящая из углеводородов, относящаяся к каустобиолитам. В пластовых условиях это коллоидная система.","question":"Что такое нефть?","confidence":0.95},{"answer":"По плотности нефть делится на легкую (менее 0,822 г/см3), утяжеленную (0,822-0,884 г/см3) и тяжелую (свыше 0,884 г/см3).","question":"Как классифицируют нефть по плотности?","confidence":0.9},{"answer":"Основные международные сорта: Brent (Северное море), WTI (США) и Dubai Crude (Ближний Восток).","question":"Какие основные международные сорта нефти существуют?","confidence":0.95},{"answer":"В России существуют сорта Urals (смесь сибирской легкой и тяжелой поволжской нефти) и Siberian Light (легкая малосернистая нефть). Также упоминается сахалинская нефть «Витязь».","question":"Какие российские сорта нефти упоминаются в статье?","confidence":0.9}],"seo_title":"Что такое нефть: состав, свойства, классификация и сорта","ai_summary":"Нефть — сложная коллоидная система, состоящая из углеводородов разной молекулярной массы. Её свойства (цвет, запах, вязкость) определяются составом. Существуют классификации по плотности и химическому составу, а также международные сорта: Brent, WTI, Dubai Crude, и российские Urals и Siberian Light.","meaning_text":"Нефть — не однородное вещество, а сложная смесь углеводородов, свойства которой сильно варьируются, что влияет на способы её добычи и переработки, а также на экономическую ценность различных сортов.","subject_text":"Статья подробно описывает физико-химические свойства нефти, её состав, системы классификации по плотности и химическому составу, а также основные товарные сорта нефти на международном и российском рынках.","key_takeaways":["Нефть — коллоидная система, содержащая взвешенные частицы парафинов и асфальтенов.","Цвет нефти варьируется от прозрачного до черного, запах — от бензинового до сероводородного.","Основные элементы: углерод и водород, также сера, азот, кислород, иногда металлы.","Классификация по плотности: легкая, утяжеленная, тяжелая.","По химическому составу выделяют парафиновые, нафтеновые, ароматические классы.","Международные маркеры: Brent (Европа), WTI (США), Dubai Crude (Ближний Восток).","Российские сорта: Urals (смесь сибирской и поволжской нефти) и Siberian Light."],"author_profile":{"bio":"Про нефть и 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